It is said that Basque pelota (also called pelota or pelotari) originates from the evolution of the jeu de paume and encompasses many ball games. Apparently, it appeared in the southwest of France in the 16th century, and today, each village has its own fronton where people can play. This is a traditional sport with strong heritage value, deeply cherished by the Basque people. During your camping holiday in Bidart, try your hand at Basque pelota and discover the charm and traditions surrounding this unique local discipline.
What is Basque Pelota?
The playing area is called the “cancha,” a court marked by white lines on the ground, with at least one striking wall. Depending on the specialty, pelota can be played on a fronton, a “wall on the left” (mur à gauche), or a trinquet. The pelota, referring to the ball, varies in size and weight but always features a rubber core wrapped in thick wool thread and covered with goat leather. The hitting instrument changes depending on the specialty: a racket, a paddle (pala), a leather glove, or a wicker glove (chistera). Basque pelota can be played directly, without a wall, where players face each other. However, it is mostly played indirectly, using a wall.
Rules of the Game
Participants take turns hitting the ball, either after one bounce on the ground or without a bounce. The aim is to throw the pelota so that it strikes the fronton before falling into the cancha between two boundary lines: the falta, the minimum line to serve, and the pasa, the maximum line not to exceed. If the pelota does not reach the fronton or bounces out of the cancha, the point is lost. Depending on the specialty, rules may include various nuances and can adapt to the court size, players’ age, and gender. This sport demands strength, power, and skill. Since the pelota can exceed 300 km/h, players must wear helmets for protection against potential impacts.
Famous Frontons
While every village has a fronton, some are renowned as iconic Basque landmarks. To fully immerse yourself in this unique culture and atmosphere, visit Plaza Berri in Biarritz, built in 1931. The oldest fronton is in La Bastide-Clairence, about 20 minutes from Bayonne, with a frame dating back to 1513, where the jeu de paume is still played. Don’t miss the Trinquet Moderne in Bayonne or the Saint Palais fronton, whose stunning metal frame was designed by Gustave Eiffel! The Artetxea trinquet in Bidarray, with its beautiful red stone tiles, and the Saint-Engrâce trinquet are also noteworthy.
The French Pelota Federation has over 22,000 licensed players and regularly organizes tournaments with thrilling finales. While exploring the Basque Country, take a detour to watch some pelota games. Why not try this sport yourself for a full immersion and a unique experience? You might even participate in the World Championships!